Comparative Evaluation of Presence of Butterfly Effect in Transverse Sections of Incisors, Canines and Premolars – An In-Vitro Study

Aim To compare the occurrence of the butterfly effect in the roots of incisors, canines and premolars. Materials and methodology A total of 30 extracted teeth were selected (incisors, canines and premolars of 10 each) and embedded in the clear acrylic and then sectioned into six thin sections of 1-mm thickness and are observed under light microscope at 5× magnification. Scoring was given on the presence or absence of the butterfly effect. Results 80% of the incisor and canine groups showed the presence of butterfly effect, whereas it is 70% in case of premolar group. Conclusion No significance difference in presence of butterfly effect in incisors, canines and premolars, with very slight predominance in incisors and canines. If present, this was uniform all along the root.

Bilateral Mandibular Centrals with Rare Type IV Canals

The aim of this study was to report the endodontic management of maxillary incisors having two canals with rare type IV vertucci canal configuration. Internal morphology of root canals is variable and often complex. Therefore, to achieve a technically satisfactory endodontic outcome, the clinician must have an adequate knowledge of the internal canal morphology and its variations to debride and obturate the root canal system thoroughly. This case report describes the successful endodontic treatment of both the mandibular central incisors having two-root canals in same individual.

Comparative Evaluation of the Bleaching Efficacy of 16% Carbamide Peroxide and 30% Hydrogen Peroxide – An In-vitro Study

Aim To evaluate the bleaching efficacy of 16% carbamide peroxide, 30%hydrogen peroxide for intracoronal bleaching of root filled discoloured tooth. Methodology Extracted teeth were artificially stained using human blood then centrifuged under 3,200 rpm speed for 30 min thrice daily for a period of 2 days to enhance penetration of the haemolysed red blood cells into the dentinal tubules. The precipitate was removed, and the teeth were immersed in the remaining haemoglobin-rich haemolysate for further 2 days, centrifuging it thrice daily for 30 min. The resultant discoloured teeth were then washed in distilled water. Root canal treatment was performed. After obturation, a 2-mm intermediate base of Intermediate restorative material IRM was placed to 1-mm apical to the cementoenamel junction. Teeth were divided into three groups with 10 teeth per group. Intracoronal bleaching was performed using either 35% carbamide peroxide gel (group CP) in one group, 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (group HP) in another group and distilled water in the control group as the third group. The bleaching agents were replaced after 5 days. The shade of the teeth was evaluated at day 0, 5 and 10 using VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Sa¨ckingen, Germany) shade guide. The results were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney U-test. Results When superoxol and control group are compared, there shows a clear difference of significance between these two materials. But when superoxol and carbamide peroxide are compared, there is no difference of significance. Both superoxol and carbamide peroxide showed same results. Both are effective bleaching agents. Conclusion In our study we noticed that 16% carbamide peroxide and 30% hydrogen peroxide are equally effective in the treatment of intracoronal bleaching which we observed in a 5,10,15 days of regular intervals.

Management of Crown Root Fracture by Multi-disciplinary Approach-A Case Report

Trauma to anterior tooth is a relatively common event. Crown-root fractures are often difficult to treat and are time consuming, which causes psychological trauma to the patient during that period. Fracture of tooth after trauma is distressing to a person because of the discomfort and pain due to pulpal injury. Crown root fractures of anterior teeth cause concomitant periodontal injury and there will be concern about appearance and aesthetics. Management of pulpal and periodontal tissue relieves pain and restoration of tooth form regains patient's confidence. Restoration of fractured tooth will be accepted readily if it is minimally invasive, less expensive, and aesthetically acceptable. Reattachment is an option for restoration of anterior teeth compared to other artificial replacements because of its appearance as natural. This method is favourable when the fractured fragment is intact and available. Utilization of pulp space for retention of fragment is achieved by the insertion of a dentine bonding post. This case report describes a case of tooth reattachment after trauma in which the pulp space is utilized to bond a fibre-reinforced post for retention after periodontal tissue management.